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Watson, WL, Lau, V, Wellard, L, Hughes, C, Chapman, K. (2017). Advertising to

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The attached document (below) is an endeavour to show evidence in current studies supporting the scriptural injunction concerning actions accompanying faith.  That is physical activity (in right spirit) is needed to demonstrate one’s kingdom’s allegiance.  The spirit that influences one’s declared beliefs.

A such actions are incorporated into one’s life (one’s physical activities), the health God shows he desires for us, manifests itself.

Faith action’s benefits (in the right spirit (Jesus’ spirit)):  a secular connecting article with potential spiritual (physical and mental) benefits.  The liberty and health that comes as we activate ourselves, as the Holy Spirit (not others) would lead.

This article demonstrates the benefits of acting on one’s faith as in James.  That is, we are directed to live lives of activity that are helpful to others and ourselves.

This article demonstrates those benefits (by faith) and is supported (I believe) further by studies regarding Nerve Growth Factor (and its associates) and the Health Belief Model.

In fact (by faith), New Testament teaching and in particularly the life and work of Jesus come alive as one inter-connects them all (by faith).  Also, Chapter 28 of Deuteronomy is fulfilled in the positive while supportive evidence is demonstrated (I believe) concerning the negatives.

All by grace!

Introduction

The intervention aims to change communal and individual lifestyle choices regarding one’s health as one’s age increases.  Particularly increasing one’s physical activity (PA):  possibly incorporating exercise.  That is, this is an intervention looking at encouraging changes to healthier lifestyles (more PA/exercise), as one ages, with consequent healthier outcomes (as age):  regarding morbidity-factors generally, dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and even one’s premature mortality. 

This health promotion (HP) intervention endeavour is global (note reference sources) and is found to be meeting with consistent successes in general, with considerations of alternative perspectives and analysis also being necessary.  The intervention addresses an issue of also high priority locally:  in Australia (Chau et al 2017).  A health issue of acknowledged high cost’s consequences regarding the older target group (Department of Health, 2017):  of senior citizens, concerning their high risk factors, resulting in a greater presence of morbidity generally and involving health-behaviour, lifestyle activities and choices that don’t’ help in reducing overall costs, communally.

As a consequence, there’s an economic need for an intervention that encourages cost-avoiding: via risk reduction(s), life-style changes with associated success outcomes.  The impacts of morbidity upon individuals and the older community generally is well acknowledged, particularly concerning obesity (Dankel, Loenneke, and Loprinzi, 2018), dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) (Annear (2019)), Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD, Lin et al., 2014) and Type 2 Diabetes (Agide and Shakibazadeh, 2018), etc.   In short, this analysis looks at HP intervention regarding the aging population (target group) and with an emphasis on lifestyle changes:  that are known to be helpful, in reducing negative outcomes (individually and communally).

The many factors and elements in actualizing such intervention are touched-on in this short paper.  This includes environmental suitability (van Cauwenberg, 2018), incorporation of a balance of activities with PA (Gheysen et al 2018) and need for appropriateness:  correct individual analysis, with appropriate settings are all foundational.  None-the less, the health-lives desired, can occur, in the right spirit of activities:  that incorporates the resisting of erroneous activities (and in-activities), the success often pointed to, is available, with patient-perseverance, while avoiding legalism’s that are hurtful, even oppressive and cause unhelpful (negating) outcomes, that destroy potentials (for this success).

This intervention could be summarised as the global encouraging of PA, to enhance healthy aging and avoid the ill-health associated with aging.  This should be articulated in the context of lifestyle choices generally (Heger at al 2019):  to avoid limitations, in intervention-focus and outcome-analysis.  That is, the term PA (commonly, most consistently utilised) needs to become void of all connotations of rigid restrictions in its application and the accompanying consequent analysis. 

There are diverse endeavours afoot regarding this intervention, with diverse outcomes and with increased (diverse) literary analysis.  None-the-less it would be an under-statement to say the intervention has been reported as successful, when critically reviewed and where thoroughness of evaluation occurs.  The success stories (peer reviewed) are prolific (globally)!  That doesn’t result in non-critical appraisals (Hanssonn et al 2019), however, the positives (in analytical outcomes) outweigh the negatives. 

None-the-less, critical and negative assessments concerning some specific areas (dementia/AD) and associated benefits re PA do exist (Livingston et. Al., 2017).  In fact, creative (yet fully honest) analysis may be needful, to address such negative reports:  this may include needful considerations regarding collaborative endeavours, such as the added exercises concerning cognitive developments (Gheysen et al., 2018).  In essence:  the intervention has a larger impact than on just one health-function, however, many have developed a focus on dementia and AD, perhaps because of their notable/significant impact (personally and economically). 

This paper looks at elderly-focussed results regarding the intervention, while acknowledging outcomes impacting all age-groupings (particularly late adulthood).  While the intervention emphasis starts with life-style changes (only), it develops into encouraging one’s increased PA:  with potential for further prioritizations developing, toward exercise.  The larger outcome emphasis, regarding physical and mental health tend toward an emphasis on dementia (prevention) in older persons:  the analysis of dementia usually incorporates AD and physically related conditions (AIHW (2017)). 

The reduction of risks, regarding dementia and healthy lifestyles are both seen as worth pursuing by the Australian Government’s Department of Health (2017).  The incorporation of exercise, additionally, is seen as of major benefit by some (Murray, 2012), while not overlooking benefits from just PA (as mentioned here (generally)).  In fact, some suggest PA alone, is adequate (Dougherty et al., 2016). Some point to success (Lee 2017) for dementia with PA, unconditionally:  while, as noted, others are very reserved, even negative, in their analysis. 

This a HP intervention

This is a HP intervention:  because it addresses all major considerations regarding HP (Agide and Shakibazadeh, 2018), as mentioned in the Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986) and because it also incorporates that success without harm that also encourages general HP principles to be applied across all the health discipline's and health-related endeavours (Lien et al 2017).  The Bangkok Charter (WHO, 2005) possibly mentions all the essential elements of this intervention (in particular) in its declarations re ‘health for all’ and the global foundational necessities concerning health and in particular:  the (social) determinants of health and all their different inter-connections.  The considerations of a globalized world and the need to consider all elements of communal life in health are also given emphasis in this (Bangkok) Charter:  in essence:  this intervention exemplifies the hopes expressed in the very existence of HP, its development (history) and all its espoused aims.

Additionally, it could be said this intervention is not within the domain of general medical practice (usually) or even that of primary health care:  calling for classification-options elsewhere, that is, possibly this intervention could be said to incorporate the very foundation (beginnings) of HP, as a separate, unique endeavour (from associated/similar alternative profession/classification(s)).  Recent HP articles support such classifying regarding this intervention (Bauman, 2018 and Sharman et al, 2019):  that is, this is not just an intervention that is successful in health:  but is classified as HP by both that discipline and fellow/associated disciplines, though often informally (yet also supportively/clearly).  Supporting this in a more specific (though not isolated) fashion, is the connection of HP with the profession/discipline of Physical Therapy, it supports the acknowledgment of connections, between this intervention, itself and the HP profession/discipline (Lein, 2017),

Green, Cross, Woodall, and Tones, (2019) would indicate in numerous chapters of their text, regarding HP, that this intervention here, covers much of the emphasis of effort contained in that profession/discipline.  Namely:  this is an intervention looking at their style of health service intervention, in the realm of addressing the determinants of health and the emphasis on health service provision that has a positive outcome dynamic (as opposed to avoidance, negative health -outcome (emphasis)).  That is, this HP text has an overview regarding health issues that inter-connects with much of this intervention’s qualities, here analysed.  In fact, to classify this intervention otherwise would not be as good a fit as occurs in aligning it in the HP field:  even to the degree of suggesting that it presents as an obvious perfect fit.

The World Health Organization has warned of increasing costs re aging (ill-health complications) for some time (WHO, 2002), this has been accompanied by their considerations re the role of HP in addressing this concern (WHO, 2004) and eventually arriving more recently at their exhortations regarding disease-cost’s minimization:  through any suitably provided (HP) intervention (WHO, 2018).  All perhaps providing some insight as to why this intervention would be classified as being HP:  with global considerations.  The intervention paper from WHO (2018) has incorporated specific sections on lifestyle changes and PA, while incorporating intervention models re many other detrimental impacts on morbidity developments in the older populace (in any community (globally)).

Thus, the inter-connection of many variables and elements normally associated with HP. presents as unavoidable, as particularly covered in the WHO (2018) intervention presentation:  reminding us of the larger intricate picture of the determinants of the aging and morbidity relationship (a HP focus).  Even the consideration of one’s attitude is presented as significant (Siebert, 2018) in the disease-processes involved.  In fact, as seen in many inter-connected intimations in this paper, attitudes of those not in this age-bracket also impact on the intervention processes involved:  all such perspectives are well-acknowledged and addressed in HP, as readily indicated in the many articles herein referenced, in particular see Agide and Shakibazadeh (2018).  

The consistent acknowledgment of the efficacy of this intervention, in general (see Dougherty et al, 2019 (and many more)) almost invariably comes-across as adequate validation of underpinning of current theories.  However, negative responders are also numerical, this is often regarding AD (Svessonn et al., 2020), while dementia is often also included in such analysis (Sabia et al 2017).  That is, there is the presence (in literature) of contention regarding success and this intervention’s associated underpinning theories:  these reduce as one moves closer to (just) a lifestyle change intervention, as opposed to PA (and exercise), with their accompanying outcomes.  Also, the movement closer to considerations re benefits re morbidity generally (in aging), generally, also, results in lessening of contentions (re success), as opposed to considerations re outcomes concerning the specifics of dementia and AD (as mentioned above).

There is a suggested connection between all morbidity factors generally and AD (Isaacson, 2017):  with the accompanying notation that individualization of intervention is essential, to maximise success and avoid harm.  Alternatives to PA may include a trust in drug intervention (Lopez et al 2019):  the investment of one’s energies will entail such trust whatever intervention is believed (to be most effective/suitable).  There is, however, acknowledgment in intervention literature, generally, that PA does help brain status (Boots et. al., 2015):  this connects with the concept of neurological degeneration and AD and its significance re dementia generally (Winblad et al., 2016), indicating possibly supportive evidence concerning trust in this (PA) intervention as opposed to alternatives (and their theoretical underpinnings).

Also, to say that PA (or exercise) by itself does the job (produces the outcomes), may be inadequate (as a theoretical underpinning (declaration)), yet when combined with associated endeavours, evidence merely accumulates (favourably: in support) of such intervention endeavours.  See, for example, the intervention about inter-generational activities (George, Whitehouse and Whitehouse, 2011) and their accompanying theories re intervention (incorporating PA):  this is added to by further similar activities: regarding Art’s involvements (Gill, Ellis and Clift, 2019), also, with acknowledgments regarding PA considerations and PA’s inclusiveness (in over-all intervention).  Just the involvement of peers (Burton et al, 2018) presents as an added under-pinning (theory) that increases success in intervention:  this all points to lifestyle changes that involve a whole community, not just individuals (in burdensome style), addressing the larger determinants of health (as per the underpinnings of HP generally and its foundational-theories).

In general, findings point to not just over-all general health benefits from the underpinning theory:  re one’s involvement in adequate PA and exercise, but specific benefits re brain health (Dougherty et al., 2016), in the context that PA and exercise is, itself, of an adequate sufficiency, even assuring of positive impacts re AD (not always done).  Boots et al (2015) include not only AD benefits, but larger diverse health benefits and their association(s) with PA (again, with adequacy (possibly a major element)), that is, PA of any sort, style, stipulation may be potentially found to be oppressive, unhelpful and even inadequate:  this all points to an essential element of PA (and benefits considerations), that it possibly needs counselling’s incorporation (at an individual level), to be effective.  Gregory Parker and Thompson (2012) acknowledge PA benefits yet also the many intricacies regarding any PA intervention program, supporting the concept that individual guidance is a necessary component.

Thus, the theoretical underpinning of this intervention is that, PA has a positive impact regarding morbidity generally (health outcomes benefits), yet while giving adequate consideration (needfully) to the fulness of elements connecting with the intervention (as discussed elsewhere here).  In short, there are a number of whole journals concentrating their focus on the intervention:  see ‘European Review of Aging and PA’, ‘Mental Health and PA’, ‘PA and Health’ and other journals dedicated solely to the topic/intervention, intimating hopes, validities of pursuits, even success assured (see: ‘Journal of Aging and Physical Activity’ and other more direct journals):  covering multitudes of specifics re underpinning theories (and their testing) regarding intervention.

Interpretation of (theoretical) data can also inhibit or assist PA intervention success (Kerry et al, 2018), particularly regarding equity of impacts on aging population generally.  The addressing of single yet associated elements (such as sleep) connects with PA:  possibly increasing the intricacies regarding any intervention, its theories and success (Yu et al., 2018).  That is, this is a convoluted, intricate, multi-facetted area of life (health and aging) that will not suffice theorizing with over-simplifications or strident legalism, but demands a fulness of considerations concerning theories, outcomes and the incorporation of truth’s pursuit:  while resisting the influences of contentions that are void of such commitment:  calling for honesty’s pre-eminence in any critical analysis regarding underpinning theories

Lin et al (2014) did a significant Systematic Review and Meta Analysis regarding this intervention, with a counselling emphasis, with no harms reported and significant demonstrable benefit:  this study was direct to specifically CVD high-risk clients.  Reliance on expectations re PA benefits alone, were found an inadequate motivator in considerations re dementia risks (Harada et al., 2018), pointing to the need for supportive individual counselling services to be included in intervention (yet again).  Further analysis of intricacies of all underpinning associated and inter-connecting theories (in the literature), are too expansive to be address further here.

The Values, Attitudes and Beliefs of the Target Group and their Influence on the Intervention’s Design and Delivery:

Peer supports (Burton et al., 2018) are acknowledged as helpful and are of benefit if incorporated into intervention:  in fact, success presents as often coming from an accumulation of added elements in intervention processes, it being the outcome of many supporting elements (as mentioned above (not just PA alone)).  The added use of trackers (Oliveira et al., 2019) has shown a likely increase in PA:  possibly associated with a conceptualization that if additional attention is paid, results positively impacted.  There are gender differences (van Uffiel Khan and Burton, 2017) in beliefs/attitudes, also calling for addressing (Hadfield, 2020), with hoped-for success/improvements:  all indicating the necessary addressing of values attitudes and beliefs.

Also:  there are self perceptions, as side-effects (Beyer, Wolff, Freiberger, & Wurm, 2019):  these are acknowledged, with potential for increased effectiveness in any PA intervention, if adequately addressed.  The need to maintain/sustain any convictions re PA (with associated benefits) perhaps demonstrates further the need for supportive environmental influences for successful outcomes (Sansano-Nadal et al., 2019).   That is, personal values alone are inadequate and Crouch (2020) is keen to draw on all theory/support mechanisms, in abundance, including the health belief model. 

Kim et al (2020) also acknowledged the need to address beliefs and values, combined with their capacity assist or impede health behaviours, indicating the need for the intervention to so address.  Gupta et al (2019) found the need for family supports to be helpful in addressing attitudes regarding intervention.  The inclusion of other professions in this HP intervention comes across as beneficial in a social work article by Matz Sabbath and James (2020):  as intimated above, inter-collaboration may be need actual application, that is, as this dynamic (attitudes/values/beliefs) of the intervention is increasingly acknowledged as significant.

Haber (2013) is keen to allow honesty (discussions of positives and negatives) to be incorporated in a fuller analysis in this intervention’s implementation, in the context of admitting this is a HP intervention (of some renown), worthy of weighty consideration.  This includes increased PA that specializes in insight-sharing, that effectively addresses any addressing of abating-fears.  All with the additional support of inter-disciplinary collaborations, as mentioned, if success is to be maximized and attitudes, beliefs and values are to be adequately addressed.

Involvement of faith-based intervention is well documented (Bernhart et al., 2018), possibly the ideal setting to deal with values, attitudes and beliefs (that are unhelpful).  However, this also is not void of barriers, difficulties and challenges:  negative insights from such truths as the sedentary consequences dynamic, may be needed (even) in such settings (Boyle, Fritschi, Heyworth, and Bull, 2010):  hopefully shared in duly loving manner, fit for faith’s foundationally espoused aims.  However, the evidence (re PA intervention benefit) is substantial and hard to dismiss (on its own), while avoiding impatience and insensitivities when sharing such conclusive data (Andel et al, 2008), now occurring over a significant period: Iso-Markku, Waller, Kujala and Kaprio (2015) supported by more recent (confirmatory, supportive data)..

Factors that Contributed to the Success of the Intervention:

It could be said that a limited attack on any health problem, by any limited intervention, is a success (Kivimäki and Singh-Manoux, 2018):  even if it only addresses health-problem’s foundational determinants.  That is, even addressing lesser elements as opposed to larger issues (direct) could be classified to be a success (if outcomes duly warrant).  While some would declare the non-success of this intervention, regarding dementia (and AD) particularly, to be a more realistic/probable classification (Sabia et al 2017). 

There comes across a sense that conflicts, regarding success classification, comes, when one uses hard terms such as prevention or cure:  void of fuller contexts.  However, this intervention is usually (but not unequivocally) as having consistency of success and this is possibly the major factor leading to its on-going (generally/universally accepted) success.  This, as mentioned above, needs gentle handling (to avoid harm).  That is, the intervention need not be excessive in demands but may only constitute active commuting: for benefits (Marques, 2020):  such truths need incorporating in the intervention (the incorporation of a full sense of liberty in individual application-choices). 

However, additional PA endeavour, moving toward exercising, is not without additional benefit (Lahti 2014):  there needs to be incorporated liberty, in the intervention’s application, in all directions.  The PA need not be convoluted:  walking potentially adequate (Smith et al., 2018).  Success has been found to manifest in diverse fashion:  physiologically (Lima at al 2019), sociologically (Gregorčič, 2019), intellectually (de Souto Barreto et al, 2018).  In the measuring of intervention success, in whatever form, it has been often, the usual fact, that, the intervention has incorporated added elements (to just PA), indicating their (necessary) contribution in the hoped-for success/outcome eventuation. 

Success has bred success!  Success may in fact be pointed elsewhere:  to physical fitness (Dougherty et al 2019) rather than exercise (PA generally), yet this would point to the needed attaining of that physical endowment, pointing to aging preparations (pre-aged PA (as intimated here)).  Annear (2019) indicates success is related to other related intervention (support mechanism’s involvements (in the PA)):  such as a physician’s supportive involvement, advice/support/counselling (specifically regarding PA).  While others point to pleasantness as a necessary (inclusive/additional) component (Kamegaya, et al 2012).

While acknowledging likely benefits of such an intervention, as it stands (alone), in all its varied forms/styles/diversities, the adding of flexible supports at little or no additional communal cost are likely to further assist the elderly (Agarwal et al, 2018).  In fact, many adaptations are proving helpful in increased success-outcomes (Haber, 2013).  Additionally, Lahti (2014) even covers pre-mature mortality (as a likely benefit), if adequate PA (is instituted):  quite a motivator (again, the success of the intervention, itself, has been a major factor in its success), combined with the many added features often incorporated in the many intervention endeavours.

Conclusion

This intervention, with its global impact and general accessibility, with some additional assistance, covers much of what HP purports to be.   The presenting problem is that PA alone needs to admit its insufficiency and need for collaborations with the larger community.  This will require the incorporation of the best spirit in the intervention and the resisting of all harmful spirit’s dominion-endeavours, all with duly provision of an attitude of thanks (for our privileges).

.

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